This
course offers new concepts and quantitative models which are vital to those
who need precision control of crystal size in products. The crystal
size is a function of both crystal nucleation and growth. Control of
nucleation is the most challenging factor. Classical nucleation theories
do not give precise guidance to control crystal nucleation. Solutions
to specific problems are generally obtained by trial and error. We have
developed new models and equations that relate the crystal number and
size distribution (nucleation) to experimentally controlled reaction variables.
In the models, the crystal number is quantitatively related to reactant addition
rate, crystal solubility, temperature, and solvent and crystal properties.
It also models the effect of other factors like crystal ripening agents and
crystal growth restrainers. For the first time, equations for both
controlled batch and continuous precipitations were developed using the same
model. Unexpected predictions were experimentally confirmed. These
new concepts can be applied to the precipitation of inorganic materials such
as silver halides in the photographic industry, carbonates in paper manufacturing, and of organic systems such
as dyes and pigments. Other applications are in pharmaceuticals,
catalysis, imaging systems, separations, and surface modifications.
Because this work is at the cutting edge of crystallization science and technology,
this information is not yet available from textbooks and academic institutions.
Thus, the course provides a unique opportunity to learn up to date principles
for precision controlled precipitations. How You Will Benefit from This Course:
Control of crystal size in precipitations Particle-based products and devices rely on the availability of precision-sized particles and on reliable sources of such particles. There is a need for better
crystals for better products. Academic research and industrial processes profit from more efficient understanding of
the crystallization processFor Nano to Macro sized crystals, this course offers vital practical and quantitative
concepts for the precision preparation of such particles. This knowledge is essential to in-house preparations, as
well as to knowledgeable interaction with suppliers. The course focuses on the control of crystal nucleation, the
most important and challenging factor for controlled crystallizations. Crystal growth is a natural part of the course.
Five experimental control variables control the
particle and crystal size. The course teaches the necessary information and methods for controlling crystal size through
these variables.
This information applies to inorganic materials
such as silver halides in the photographic industry and of clays, and to organic crystal systems like polyacetylenes and
organophosphates. It is crucial for the control of nanoparticle precipitations.
The model concepts are applicable to systems
such as pharmaceuticals, latexes, dyes, imaging pigments, toners, and of catalysts.
The presenter and coworkers have developed new and
practical models and equations that relate the crystal number and size distribution (nucleation) to experimentally
controllable reaction variables. This sets these models apart from all other models. The crystal number is quantitatively
elated to reactant addition rate, crystal solubility, temperature, and solvent and crystal properties. Crystal ripening
agents (macro-sizing) and crystal growth restrainers (nano-sizing) are other important reaction factors which are
quantitatively modeled. For continuous precipitations the reactor residence time is an additional modeled critical factor.
For the first time, equations for both controlled
batch and continuous precipitations are available using the same fundamental model. Unanticipated predictions of the
models were experimentally confirmed, confirming the power of these for your crystallization needs.
The course provides a unique opportunity to learn
up to date principles for precision controlled precipitations for precision size control, providing better crystals for
better products.
Who Should Attend: Anyone in crystal production: R&D, pilot plant
operation, and manufacturing - Teachers and students of crystallization processes - Consumers of crystalline
materials to knowledgably work with providers - Chemists, chemical engineers, other scientists, practitioners,
and managers who need to control precipitation processes for precision crystal size and size distribution
Those who have profited from this course include: Scientists, engineers, and managers fro Eastman Kodak, Xerox, Johnson & Johnson, Dow Chemical,
Cabot, Southern Clay Products, Sachem, Supresta, TempTime, Akzo-Nobel, and Niacet Corporations, Consultants to the US
and Belgium Governments, and Academics from the Canadian Research Council, Clarkson U, Illinois U. at Urbana, New
Hampshire SU, Pennsylvania SU, Rochester Inst. Technol., U of Rochester, and Washington U.
Control of size and size distribution from nanoparticles to larger particles
Batch and continuous precipitations, based on one quantitative and self-consistent crystallization model
Solve precipitation problems in batch and continuous processes
Learn the five controllable precipitation variables to control crystal size
Minimize experiments in R&D and product development, shorten transition to production
Control process limitations and breakdowns
Control competitive heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation in precipitations
Basic knowledge of chemical engineering and of process fundamentals is helpful.
Precision Control of Crystallization Processes
Topics Covered:
Principles of Crystallization Based on the Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model
BNG Model of Nucleation Phase
Nucleation Rate
Size Distribution
Crystal Number
Nanoparticles
Nucleation Under Diffusion and Kinetically Controlled Growth Conditions
Quantitative Effect of Fundamental Reaction Variables
Nucleation under kinetically controlled growth conditions
The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR, MSMPR)Heterogeneous nucleation and renucleation in batch processes
The Randolph – Larsen Model (Review)
The Balanced Nucleation/Growth Model
Crystal Size Dependence on Residence Time
Crystal Size Dependence on Crystal Solubility
Controlled Crystal Growth in the CSTR Crystallizer
Instructor
Dr. Ingo H. Leubner has many years of industrial hands-on experience in the precision precipitation of crystals
for product applications. In the photographic imaging industry he was responsible for the precision precipitation of
silver halide particles for commercial products. In this context he performed and supervised over fifteen hundred
precipitations. He applied his information to the preipitation of dye particles, which have potential use as pigments.
Dr. Leubner is founder and senior scientist for Crystallization Consulting, a company specializing in consulting, and
modeling and teaching of advanced models for controlled high-precision precipitations. He is continuing to expand the
balanced nucleation and growth (BNG) model, the fundamental model for controlled crystallization. He consulted with
Akzo-Nobel, Dow Chemical Company, Cabot Corp, TempTime Corp, Transform Pharma, Xerox Corp, and other pharmaceutical,
imaging, inorganic, and organic industrial companies. He taught courses at industry, academic institutions, and at
national and international conferences. He was consultant to the Belgium and US Governments. Dr. Leubner received a Ph.D.
in Physical Chemistry from the Technical University in Munich on the relationship between the molecular structure and
color of dyes. He continued his studies with a post-doctoral fellowship at TU Munich. At Texas Christian University
(TCU), Fort Worth, Texas, he held the position of R. Welch Fellow studying photochemistry of benzene and benzene
derivatives. From there, he accepted a position as research scientist at Eastman Kodak Company, working in photographic
and precipitation science, and in product development. As a team-leader he led the development of commercially successful
products. He is an experienced author, lecturer, scientist, and technical project manager. His work on the precipitation
of silver halides for the development of photographic films and papers led to new insights, theories, and models for the
precision control of crystallization. His publications, presentations, and seminars resulted in national and international
recognition. He received numerous awards and honors, including the Lieven-Gevaert Medal, the highest award for
contributions to photographic science, and the Fellowship and Service Awards from the Society for Imaging Science and
Technology. He is listed in American Men and Women in Science and in Who’s Who in Science and Engineering. He is a Fellow
of Sigma Xi, and a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Geographical Union, the Rochester Academy of Science, and the
Rochester Professional Consultants Network.
(C) 2007 Particles Conference